THE ART OF MANUFACTURING
SOAP AND CANDLES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ……….……………. 7
SOAP MANUFACTURE
HISTORICAL …………………………………………. 8
COMPOSITION OF SOAPS …………………………. 13
PART I
APPARATUS AND RAW MATERIALS
CHAPTER I
APPARATUS REQUIRED FOR BOILING SOAPS,
AND THE VARIOUS METHODS FOR HEATING OF
THE CONSTRUCTION AND CAPACITY OF THE CALDRONS .15
HEATING THE PANS WITH OPEN FIRE ……………… 18
HEATING PANS WITH STEAM …………………………..19
CHAPTER II
OF POTASSA, SODA, AND CAUSTIC SODA
POTASSA …………………………… 24
SODA …………………………………… 26
CAUSTIC SODA ………………………. 27
CHAPTER III
ALKALIMETRY; OR, VALUATION OF THE
COMMERCIAL SODA ASH, POTASSA, AND
CAUSTIC SODA ………………………28
CHAPTER IV
OF THE PREPARATION OF THE LYES
OF THE WATER ………………………………... 33
PREPARATION OF THE LYES …………………….. 33
ESTIMATION OF THE STRENGTH OF THE LYES …. 37
TABLE I ……………………………………. 39
TABLE II …………………………………………. 39
TABLE III …………………………………… 40
TABLE IV ……………………………………… 40
CHAPTER V
SAPONIFIABLE FATS
NATURE OF FATS …………………………… 41
COCONUT OIL …………………………..………..43
PALM OIL ……………………………………………..44
OLIVE OIL …………………………………..………46
OIL OF POPPY ………………………46
GALAM BUTTER …………………………………47
STILLINGIA BUTTER ………………………… 47
MAFURRA TALLOW …………………………. 47
ANIMAL FATS ……………………………. 48
BEEF TALLOW ……………………………………49
MUTTON SUET ………………………………...49
HOG FAT (LARD) ……………………………………49
BONE FAT …………………………………………50
FISH OIL ……………………………………………51
SPERM OIL AND SPERMACETI ……………...……51
OLEIC ACID ………………………………………….. 52
ELAIDIC ACID ………………...… 52
PART II
ON THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
CHAPTER I
ON THE BOILING OF SOAP
1. THE PASTE OR PRELIMINARY OPERATION ….53
CUTTING UP THE PAN ……………………….…55
CLEAR-BOILING …………………………………… 57
CHAPTER II
NEW METHODS
THE PROCESS OF MEGE MOURIES …….…… 59
PELOUZE'S PROCESS …………………………62
SAPONIFICATION BY PRESSURE ………………...… 63
SAPONIFICATION BY AGITATION …………………… 64
CHAPTER III
COMMON OR HOUSEHOLD SOAPS
HARD SOAPS ……………………………………. 65
1. TALLOW SOAPS ………………………………….… 66
2. TALLOW ROSIN SOAPS ……………………….…68
3. COCONUT OIL SOAP ……………………….. 69
4. PALM OIL SOAPS ……………………………...……. 69
5. DIFFERENT SOAPS ……………………...……..70
SOFT SOAPS …………………………..……………71
CHAPTER IV
MANUFACTURE OF TOILET SOAPS ………73
MAKING SOAPS IN THE COLD WAY
KURTEN'S TABLE ………………...………75
TRANSPARENT SOAPS ………………………75
COLORING SOAPS …………………………………78
PERFUMING SOAPS ……………………….…78
FORMULA FOR SOAPS
HONEY SOAP …………………………….…………82
MUSK SOAP …………………………………………82
GLYCERINATED SOAP …………………….…...83
ALMOND SOAP ……………………………83
VIOLET SOAP ………………………….………………84
BOUQUET SOAP ……………………………………84
ROSE SOAP ………………………………………… 85
CINNAMON SOAP ………………………………. 85
LAVENDER SOAP ……………………………….…86
ORANGE FLOWER SOAP ……………………….……86
RONDELETIA SOAP ………………………………………...86
FLOWERS OF ERIN ………………………………………87
PRIMROSE SOAP ………………………………...…87
CREAMS AND ESSENCES OF SOAP FOR SHAVING
SHAVING PASTE ……………………………………87
PEARL SOAP-Cream Soap ………………………………87
SHAVING ESSENCE OR FLUID ………..…88
CHAPTER V
VALUEMETRY, OR ESTIMATION OF
SOAPS IN REGARD TO THEIR
COMMERCIAL VALUE ……………...……… 89
PART III
ON THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES
HISTORICAL.-FUNCTIONS OF THE CANDLE ... 98
THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CANDLE ……….. 100
CHAPTER I
ON THE RAW MATERIALS …………………… 102
NEW METHODS OF RENDERING ……..……. 104
PROCESS OF D'ARCET ………………………. 105
THE YIELD IN RENDERING ……………………111
CLARIFYING TALLOW ………………………….111
HARDENING OF TALLOW ....... 112
CHAPTER II
THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES
PREPARING WICKS …………………. 117
DIPS …………………………………….. 118
MOULDS …………………………………121
MOULDING ………………………………122
COMPOSITE CANDLES ……………….12
Buy now only for USD $1.60
This e book is in pdf format
Combine my e books from my site and get a discount:
2 e books - $2.50; 3 - $3.00
e book/s will be sent
to your e mail address after payment made
Save
on Postage and No worry about lost in transit item.
Payment is by PayPal via email (non PayPal
member can also pay)
-->
